Several interesting comments have been made recently as one of the messages of Polymathica, that of the imminent Transformation, begins to sink in. These comments, both agreeing and disagreeing, can be summarized by the basic question, ‘How will this all happen?’ We have dedicated an enormous amount of energy in trying to understand how the Industrial Age civilizations will turn into the Information Age civilization – The Transformation. So, although, we don't have a crystal ball, we do have a deep, perhaps the deepest, understanding of the forces and mechanisms at work.
If we are to learn anything from the prior transformations, it is that they are messy, often violent, affairs that really are not under anyone's control. As we have stated on a number of occasions, the recent string of crises, of which the financial crisis was one and the current nation state credit crises are the latest, are directly related to The Transformation. Here in the U.S. we have Herculean efforts of sweeping reform which are exactly ‘the status quo’ attempting to reassert itself.’ These efforts, like those of the European Royal families in the previous Transformation, will ultimately fail.
The Transformation is an extremely complex phenomenon that cannot be adequately explained in an article or, most likely, even in a book. Understanding The Transformation is more a matter of a dedicated, ongoing course of study. However, there are three major factors that we attempt to emphasize.
First, we are entering a period of unprecedented occupational displacement. Nearly all clerical, and many entry level professional, jobs are at risk to AI applications. The current AI state of the art can duplicate most clerical functions cost effectively. It’s really a matter of product design and marketing. It is happening right now, actually, with large corporations, such as Target and Wal-Mart, that are promulgating electronic invoicing and payments in their formats upon their vendors. We need a data interchange format for business paper with translators. Then, all clerks are basically out of a job.
The DARPA 2007 Urban Challenge, and the work of Stanford/Audi since then, has demonstrated that millions of jobs in the transportation industries are terminal and have years, not decades, to live. Audi has the stated goal of fully automated vehicles by 2028. Given the state of the art as demonstrated to date we conclude that, if they take that long, someone will beat them to it. It seems unlikely that the other manufacturers will not respond and instigate a technology race. Consequently, it is unlikely that this technology is no more than a decade or so from commercial applications.
There are few, if any, construction jobs that cannot be cost effectively replaced by robots with current technologies. Again, they will be gone in our twenty year time frame. There are even AI programs being marketed today that threaten the jobs of classical K-12 teachers and replace most of the diagnostic functions of physicians.
So, Factor One, is the emergence of huge worker displacements with no straightforward road to a replacement career. As we have often stated, paradoxically, all of the implemented robotics and AI will cause an explosion in GDP per capita. When we say that it will double in ten years and quadruple in twenty, we are actually being very conservative. The elimination of labor cost constraints to production results in no definite limit to incomes. Many people are beginning to understand that something very fundamental is going to need to change in the economic mechanisms of society in order to get all of the income of production into the hands of the consumer.
Second, the emergence of cable and satellite television created a situation where a few of the major cultural perspectives are now living in totally separate and robust memic universes. In other words, people who watch MSNBC for their news, analysis and commentary are being immersed in a culturally comfortable world view that is quite different from the one received by people who watch Fox News. Essentially, the Public Discourse is being undertaken by groups with different sets of 'facts'. There are no significant homogenizing forces and those that do exist are becoming progressively more overwhelmed by the forces of fragmentation.
Furthermore, as radio and television move to the Internet small print/audio/video enterprises, targeted at markets with total customer bases in the hundreds of thousands or several millions, rather than tens or even hundreds of millions, will become viable. Polymathica, a global community of refinement and erudition, Project Venus, Gaians, New Agers, Polyamorists, and many, many more will float their own news outlets and television networks. Some will undoubtedly fail. However, many will succeed and the march toward a massively heterogeneous, multicultural world will continue.
As ‘live anywhere’ economics take hold, combined with the Information Age Income Explosion of Factor One, an increasing percentage of the population will move to comprehensively designed communities that are facilitative of a specific set of values and lifestyle preferences. Because, at the time, the major nation states will be desperately trying to maintain a semblance of cultural homogeneity, many of these communities will be found in smaller nations who are welcoming the economic benefits of the new communities. The notion of cultural sovereignty will emerge. Along with it will come the concept of Market Based Governance.
So, Factor Two, the emergence of memic propagators that will cause the currently fragmenting cultures of the Industrial Age to coalesce around a relatively large number of new and old memically isolated global communities that will begin to express themselves in a growing number of culturally homogenous ‘bricks and mortar’ communities.
In economics and business there is a perverse, inverse relationship between industry stability and barriers to market entry. This is critical to the nature of The Transformation. The Internet is currently completely disorganized. Small businesses that are primarily information enterprises have as their primary barrier to success, the inability to efficiently find their customers. Polymathica has as affiliates some magnificent blogs that have readers numbering in the hundreds rather than hundreds of thousands, primarily, because they can’t efficiently find their readership. The very large information brokers such as NewsCorp and NBC like it this way. However, it will not last. As Internet television and radio create targeted networks, barriers to market entry will fall and, as the saying goes, ‘all Hell will break loose.’
So, Factor Three, the Mega corporations will experience increasing competition from networks of small enterprises that have affiliated in a non-corporate, non-hierarchical fashion. The large corporations of the Industrial Age will fight the process, of course. However, in the end, they will lose. The world economy will become far more organic.
Unlike The Singularity and other Transhumanist movements, The Transformation is not a vague, ‘someday this will happen’, kind of story. These three factors are all emerging today. They will accelerate over the next ten years and by 2030, the global Information Age civilization will be here. It will look far different than the world of today. The differences will be 'in kind' not degree.
It will most likely be a rough ride. The large, multinational corporations and institutions of geographic governance will not ‘go quietly into that dark night.’ National governments will attempt, as China and some of the more fundamentalist Islamic states are doing now, to build information barriers that will protect their citizens from the onslaught of myriad memic propagators of other cultural viewpoints. Mega corporations, which are generally proscribed from overtly predatory practices in most nations, will attempt to create multinational strategies to fend off the attack of the hordes of small, niche creating Information Age enterprises. They will search for, and most likely find, corporate havens where the local governments will turn a blind eye to these tactics.
For many the large, Industrial Age institutions seem too powerful to be displaced. However, as the feudalism and Nobility of the Agricultural Age gave way to the new institutions of the Industrial Age, the Nation State and Multinational corporations of the Industrial Age will succumb to new Information Age institutions. Ten years ago when some of us began telling this story, it seemed unrealistic and distant to most people. They believed that they had some time to watch how it all unfolded. They were correct. However, now, more people accept the story and time has run out. The Transformation is happening right now. Historians will view the U.S. taxation of worldwide income and the 2008 ‘Exit Tax’ legislation as important early salvos in the Industrial Age/Information Age conflict.
So, this is not going to be pretty. The people who have the easiest time with it will be the people who are anticipating it and acting upon it in real time. The person who sits back, feeling secure in their job as, for example, a clerk in a public library, will find themselves totally unprepared when public libraries become a virtual, Internet based affair, delivering their ‘borrowed books’ to people’s Kindles, Ipads, etc. They will lose their jobs and find that everyone with their skill set and occupational expectations are in the same boat. They will ultimately adjust, but it will be an uncomfortable time. Those, however, who begin now to craft a new Information Age career, will have a much easier transition.
People who are vested in the Industrial Age fiction of a bipolar political universe will find the new Information Age realities confusing. Republicans/Democrats, Conservative/Labour, et al will become false dichotomies. The new realities of ‘voting with your feet’ will completely confound Industrial Age thinkers. Liberal Democracies that have become comfortable in the political strategy of making promises to the majority, financed by the affluent minority, will find that the affluent minority is gone and no longer taxable. We suspect that the reaction will not be pleasant.
In conclusion, the greater your involvement in Polymathica, the more comprehensive will be your understanding of The Transformation. We are searching for all the refined, erudite people on the Internet. For the most part, it is an effort to create an audience and customer base for refined, erudite content, networks, products and services. However, the process of educating its Membership about the Transformation and mobilizing them to create Information Age strategies to address the problems and capitalize upon the opportunities is a non-trivial pursuit, as well.
I find the transformation may result in some major steps back when tertiary businesses and the rising quatenary business loose funding and sales as a depression really hits and governments tighten their belts and defund research. After that crash, which has only slightly started then a rebuild will occur with the Industrial Revolution backing up the Information Revolution and Government and Businesses seeking to better take advantage of new ideas and solutions to our problems, from Global Warming to Peak Oil and other rescourses reducing in availability. May we all live in interesting times.
ReplyDeleteClifford M Dubery
Global Warming will cause some disruptions, though minor and on balance will be a net plus. Mostly it will be irrelevant. Peak Oil is a boogie man that just isn't going to happen.
ReplyDeleteIf you look at historical reserves of various key resources, you will note that nearly all of them are still rising.
The reason that predicted resource shortages of the past did not materialize is primarily due to technological advances causing non-commercial reserves to be commercial reserves. That will continue. An accelerating factor is that advanced economies are becoming less resource intensive. This will not only continue, it will accelerate. In other words, if everyone drove a Bentley, the auto manufacturing industry GDP component would go up ten-fold but our resource consumption would probably go down as the turnover on cars decreased.
Great Post Michael- I concur with most if not all you have made comment on. To use a metaphor, the tide of knowledge and innovation is certainly causing the surf to become more violent. I think many of us have, or will yet experience the transformative violence as global system attempt to resist the inevitable- I often wonder to what extent this will contribute further to rise to workplace bullying, corporate sociopathy, mental stress manifesting in increasing mental health issues, anxiety, learned helplessness- all which could be mitigated with wise action.
ReplyDeleteOne of my frustrations in my work is the perpetuated notion that young people need to be trained in "skills"- which in my field of education usually means old notions of "trade skills"; The usual "EXCUSE" offered is that not everyone is capable of becoming an architect, designer, engineer, and manager, etc etc;- all the while misinterpreting that even these 'professions' will transform: This keeps me awake at night; what to me can only be described as ignorant, deliberate and strategic action that disadvantages those who need the most help- young people. Although these occurrences of injustice are no doubt diminishing [no doubt largely due to the irrepressible tide], the blatant disregard for the education of young minds for the impending and developing future is criminal; in my humble opinion of course.
on a lighter side- I so need an ipad :)
Michael Ferguson:
ReplyDeleteRoughly, 20 percent will belong to what I refer to as the Knowledge Class. In reality, they will provide the volition to a primarily automated economic system. Basically, AI programs may have purely defensible conclusions as to what human society will look like, but generally nobody will care. If an AI program attempts to go off on its own ... See moreagenda, people will unplug it. The notion that it will not be possible makes great science fiction, but bad futurism. As is always the case, people don't pay for features they don't want. Nobody wants a smart ass computer, so, outside of some research labs, they won't get built.
About 60% of the population will engage in the human touchy-feely component of the service industries. In other words, a robot will cook your spectacular gourmet meal. An automated service cart will assemble it and whisk it out to your table. However, there will be a human there overseeing it all and interacting with you, because that is how you will want it to be. Another example I use is that robots may be able to render a perfect performance of the Brandenburg Concertos, but who, beyond a one time curiosity thing, would watch it? That HUMANS perform it is an essential element of our interest. Your landscaper will probably have an AI program that will take him through a design process and robots will lay the pavers, build the walls and plant the flowers, bushes and trees. But a human landscaper will oversee it all, because that is how you will want it.
The remaining 20% will be the chronically dependent class. We have them now and they will not go away.
As I have stated, I expect that meaningful comparisons will be made between our near future and historically slave societies, with the difference being that the slaves will not care that they are slaves. They won't care about anything; they will simply do the work. As in previous slave societies it will liberate some to scale the greatest heights of human accomplishments while the majority will fritter away their lives on hedonism and social intrigues. I really don't see this as transformative to basic human nature. More leisure; more bad behavior. Tens of millions of Lindsey Lohans. Blech. Just not in my neighborhood. Hence, Polymathica.
I'm posting a set of comments here, some from me, some from Michael, moved at his request.
ReplyDeleteEmlyn O'Regan:
I like a lot of this. I suspect we disagree on how influential the money based market will be in all this (I think less so). But the thinking is solid. I still haven't seen any suggestion of how you think the great mass of people will support themselves in 20 years, and am interested!
Michael Ferguson:
ReplyDeleteAs to money, I believe that it will become entirely electronic and AI administered. It will be there, because, again, given free reign, a small percentage of the population will outrageously abuse the system.
If you are talking about Project Venus, I'm more than a little confused by the concept. The Bentley Flying Spur Speed is an incredible ... See morecar. If anyone could have one, I would, and I suspect the production would need to be in the millions per year in order to satisfy demand. I don't understand whether the vision of Project Venus is that there would be no Bentley's or if they foresee productive capacity so massive that anyone who wants one can have one. I know several people in Polymathica who, if the restraints were taken off of the budget, would be tooling around in a Bugatti Veyron. So wealthy wouldn't begin to describe the economic condition that would be necessary. Perhaps there is something I'm missing.
I do believe that for the vast majority of the population, incomes will be so high that few people will spend much time thinking about money. They will have it, however, and it will restrain wanton consumption. However, well-informed discourse between intellectually disciplined people with differing viewpoints in a spirit of mutual exploration is a primary value of Polymathica as I conceived it. I believe that we are doing a tolerably good job of executing that here.
Michael Ferguson:
ReplyDeleteMany, many points here. If you want to discuss these matters in this much detail, I would like you to start a discussion topic in Polymathica so that all members have access to the thoughts. It is far too important to limit to the few people on this thread.
As a general statement, it appears to me that you have a rather unrealistic conceptual ... See moreconstruct of human nature and the role of aculturation in its expression. If you study previous slave societies, decadence is not transitional to anything. It is a direction toward which the society trends. However, it is also the case that in these decadent cultures, the affluence allowed a handful of citizens to rise to extraordinary heights of intellectual achievement.
An aside, Japanese and 'us' are Industrial Age constructs.
I have children and grandchildren. I see absolutely no tendency among them to eschew 'stuff'. The 'stuff' is just becoming more high tech. And as to automation, as I said, your fast food will be cooked by a robot, it will be delivered by an automated cart. However, there will still be a 'manager' who comes out, smiles at you, asks about the quality of the food, thanks you for coming, etc. This will be an essential component of the food service business because people like it and will patronize establishments that do it over those that don't.
Anyway, as I said, if you want to continue, let's move it to a more public venue.
Emlyn O'Regan:
ReplyDeleteOn your vision for the future workforce:
That 20/60/20 split is more or less the present (or even the near past). Have you read "Rise of the Creative Class"? assume you have, because the vision is very similar (except that Florida was describing the now of the early noughts).
But I think that the continuation of that is a poor outcome. I believe... See more that this 60% service industry is already largely makework (and much of creative endeavour, that which supports the service industries, is too, by extension).
It's clear to me that we are already well past the point where we can satisfy the needs of humanity with only a small fraction of humanity labouring (or each human spending a much smaller fraction of his/her time labouring)
So this system of distributing resources via the sale of labour is no longer a necessity, it's just a kind of arbitrary method of allocation, and a poor one if people dislike the activity and if it dominates their lives.
Don't you think the end game with AI is to need absolutely no human labour? I don't think there's a discontinuity - we'll begin (have begun?) to get structural unemployment increasing toward 100% over decades, I think we need to be working now on how we transition away from labour based distribution of resources.
One point of difficulty: it might be that I'm confused by our reliance on third world labour, and in fact we are more or less in a slave based economy now. In that case we might well spend a while converting to robots there first, but I think the outlook is eventually similar.
On our desire for humans in the services sector: I disagree with this. I think this is a point of generational change; currently adult generations prefer a person to a machine when there's no clear advantage to using a machine. I don't think the younger people have this bias. I also can't help noticing that even the older people happily interact with a machine when it does a better job (eg: ATMs or think which is the lesser of two evils, a telephony system or a call center?). I think our near future will see more successful attempts at full automation of interesting bits of the service sector (eg: fast food). The Japanese will do it before we do though, and better.
And as to millions of Lohans, sure there will be some of that, but I think it's transitional. You also mention consumer goods elsewhere (sports cars), and I wonder if you are taking modern western consumerism and extrapolating it? I think that's a very dangerous assumption. I propose that consumerism is largely fueled by a commercial sector which wants us to buy more stuff, and that part of a transition to an information based world could be a failure of big capital in that area. Particularly, we'll get the tech to automatically construct physical goods at home, that's starting now, and I think there's a long term trend of people prefering direct control over their lives and decentralisation of power, which will push that along. Deep suspicion of the grid.
Widget sales are done by industrial age institutions, in your terminology, and that is just as likely to come unstuck as everything else. So, if there's no longer an engine "creating needs and then filling them", consumerism deflates, imo.
I can't help but thinking that for the developed world you are one transformation behind, Michael. For people in North America, Europe, Japan and some other nations, industrial jobs are already fewer than information and communcations related jobs. The Internet, including web favourites like Google and Facebook attracts many many users, who use advanced hardware and software on their e.g. iPhones, changing the way so many people work. People now have, or at least want GPS navigation and OnStar safety for their cars. The true Transformation is that which will take medieval social technology like Facebook into the 21st century. -- dpw
ReplyDeleteI'm not really surprised you think so, Douglas. However, come back in ten years and we can talk about it. What has happened so far is nothing more than a few previews of what is going to come over the next twenty years.
ReplyDeleteFacebook, GPS, etc. are gizmos. They are fun and they will get better. But, surely you understand that the Industrial Revolution wasn't they steam engine, the power loom, et al. It was that it lead to huge demographic displacements and political revolutions, etc.
So, no, the Transformation began in 1980. However, the next twenty years are the decades historians will focus upon.
The interesting thing about human-human interactions these days is how it is increasing, but mediated through technology.
ReplyDeleteThe concept of the "monkey sphere", or Dunbar's Number, seems to imply an unmediated limit to the number of social interactions the human brain can effectively handle. Information management technologies, such as Outlook, Facebook and iPhones however help us increase this number tremendously.
While today's parent accuses their child of spending too much time "texting" or "sitting in front of Facebook" as if texting or "Facebook-ing" itself were a drug-like thing to become "addicted to", they are missing what is actually happening: their child has a much richer social life than they could ever have dreamed about when they were children! While this is true in numbers, Michael is also right in that this experience is also homogeneous in terms of cultural characteristics.
Perhaps this is our trade-off for pushing Dunbar's Number from the mid-100s to the mid-200s and beyond. Regardless, I expect that increased automation capabilities will also simultaneously increase each person's "connectedness". Michael posits that the automated restaurant will still include a human server in order to provide that human-to-human interaction. If one wants to understand the restaurant of the future however, one has to think of ways that the restaurant will serve the expectations of the newer generations for increased connectedness. Think of the communal experience of a meal at a bed-and-breakfast, or the act of meeting new people while sitting at a shared table at a Japanese teppanyaki restaurant. Now conceive of those ideas, but expanded in some way. How would the enterprise provide increased social opportunities? Humans respond positively to each other when sharing meals. This is not to say all restaurants will expand social opportunities since many people, especially couples, will want to maintain a sense of privacy under various circumstances as well. The question for tomorrow's restaurateur is, how does one wither provide all of the above options for their customers or how does one focus as a niche player?
If any of you have not had the chance to read one of my favorite books, Kurt Vonnegut's "Player Piano", please do so!
ReplyDeleteLovely, lovely stuff.
Emlyn,
ReplyDelete"Widget sales are done by industrial age institutions, in your terminology, and that is just as likely to come unstuck as everything else. So, if there's no longer an engine 'creating needs and then filling them', consumerism deflates, imo."
I believe your premises are wrong. You seem to assume that consumers have no free will! You seem to assume that some Industrial Age institution "dictates" what we want and the masses follow automatically. I assert that you are not watching your grandchildren close enough. If you were, you would correct your model.
When provided with the tools to do so, humans make widgets, language, acts and other products to be consumed by each other. In the centralized Industrial societies, one-way newspapers and television broadcasts served as a pseudo peer group. Product placements on television did not cause people to buy those products, but were part of a time-delayed social cycle of communicate-desire-communicate-produce-communicate-consume-communicate in which everyone took an active part in. No product survives without an active desire and human history is more full of the undesired products than those that were long-term successful in the market.
Watch your grandchildren more closely. Note how they copy each other's language, each other's clothing style, each other's semiotic signs, how they rap together and so on. Note how a crafty Photoshopped picture of one's teacher spreads like wildfire amongst school children. Now consider what happens once any manufactured good can be produced by them at will, with designs of their development and choosing. It is they who have always driven consumption amongst each other. Traditionally an entrepreneur could identify general "trends" and products that feed those trends, but increasingly our children will do this for themselves.
No Emlyn, consumerism amongst the young will continue to increase in response to the Transformation and I also suspect similar effects amongst adults as well.